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PROCEEDINGS 




CENTRAL COMMITTEE 



UNITED STATES 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION 



1851, 



AT THE MEETING HELD SEPTEMBER 1 6 T H , 1850 




LLl. 



WASHINGTON : 

ROBERT A. WATERS, PRINTER. 

1850. 




PROCEEDINGS 



CENTRAL COMMITTEE 



UNITED STATES 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION 



1851, 



AT THE MEETING HELD SEPTEMBER 16tH 1850 



WASHINGTON : 

ROBERT A. WATERS, PRINTER* 

1850, 



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O^ - ^ 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION. 



At a meeting of the Central Committee of the United States on 
the Industrial Exhibition of 1851, held at the Rooms of the National 
Institute, Monday evening, September 16, 1850, his Excellency Mil- 
lard Fillmore, President of the United States, in the chair, a letter was 
read from the Hon. Daniel Webster, Secretary of State, to Col. Peter 
Force, accompanying certain printed papers received from the American 
Minister in London, which were also read. 

The following Letter from the Hon. Abbott Lawrence, American 
Minister in London, was read and ordered to be printed with the pro- 
ceedings of the Committee : 

London, August 28th, 1850. 

Dear Sir : I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 6th 
instant, a copy of which I have transmitted with the pamphlet to Col. 
William Re id, 1, Old Palace Yard, Chairman of the Executive Com- 
mittee of the Industrial Exhibition, to whom you can address communi- 
cations upon the subject of the Exhibition. 

I am happy to inform you that arrangements for the proposed Exhi- 
bition are now being made upon an extensive scale in France ; two 
thousand persons having, as I learn, already entered their names in 
France as exhibitors. Every country in Europe will contribute to this 
grand show, and Egypt, Persia, India, and China, are preparing the 
products of their skill and labor for the Exhibition. I believe that nearly 
all nations will come here in 1851. I cannot but entertain the sanguine 
hope that the citizens of the United States will avail themselves of this 
opportunity, not only of exhibiting the various products of our skill and 
labor, but induce as many men as possible to come here, who possess the 
ability to profit by what they see produced by other countries. I believe, 
in a commercial point of view, we may reap great advantages by increas- 



ing our exports. To the inventors, mechanics, and skilful men in the 
arts and practical sciences, it will be eminently useful to come here and 
examine the products of mind and labor that will be brought together 
from all parts of the world. And above all, we have the opportunity of 
impressing upon all nations the extent, resources, and power of our 
great and favored country. If we present specimens of our minerals, 
agricultural products, manufactures, and inventions from the various 
States of the Union, I am quite sure that we shall make a deeper impres- 
sion upon the public mind (as a nation) than could be accomplished by 
the exhibition of fleets and armies. If we come here as exhibitors of the 
progress we have made in the industrial arts, pray let it be in our full 
strength and power. It is one of those occasions when we should do our 
best. I have sent a pamphlet containing the views of Mr. Charles Dupin, 
which I am sure you will say is u nothing wavering." It was publish- 
ed in the Morning Chronicle, several copies of which I forwarded to the 
United States last week. Would it not be well to republish it in our 
newspapers? I will suggest the necessity of the early appointment of 
an agent in London to receive the articles intended for the Exhibition. 
I am, dear sir, very faithfully 

Your obedient servant, 

ABBOTT LAWRENCE, 
To Walter R. Johnson, Esq., 

Washington, D. C. 



A letter from M. Digbv Wtatt, Esq., forwarded to the Secretary 
of the Central Committee was read and ordered to be printed : 

Office for the Executive Committee, 

1, Old Palace Yard, Westminster, 

August 5, 1850. 

Sir : I am instructed by the Executive Committee to enclose for your 
information a copy of a letter which has been sent by the Commissioners 
appointed by her Majesty for " promoting the Exhibition of Industry of 
all nations in 1851," to the various committees abroad. 

As it may become necessary for you to know the scale of charges pro- 
posed by the agents therein named, I have the pleasure of forwarding you 
a copy of the letter addressed to Mr. Chinnery, Messrs. Lightly & Simon, 
Messrs. McCracken, Mr. Maclean, Mr. Major, and Messrs. Phillips and 
Rowell, which letter has been acknowledged by each to be a correct re- 
port of their intentions. I also enclose a copy of Mr. Stahlschmidt's 
offer, and extracts from the letters of the agents at the Outports named. 



I have further the pleasure of forwarding a copy of the very liberal 
offer of Messrs. Nicholson, Besley & Co. 

In transmitting you these documents, I am desired by the Executive 
Committee to state that they do so because they may facilitate your future 
arrangements ; but it must be distinctly understood, that her Majesty's 
Commissioners do not undertake to see to the carrying into effect, or hold 
themselves in any wise responsible for, the correct execution of the pro- 
posals contained in the various letters. 

The duty of the Commissioners cannot commence until the articles in- 
tended for the Exhibition are lodged in the building by the authority of 
the Central Commission of the country from which they arrive and are 
arranged by the agent or agents nominated by the Committee represent- 
ing the interest of that country. 

I have the honor to be, Sir, your most obedient servant, 

M. DIGBY WYATT, Secretary. 
To Prof. Walter R. Johnson, 

Secretary of the Central Committee for the 

Industrial Exhibition of all Nations, 
Washington City, D. C. 



A Circular Letter, with information for the use of foreign exhibitions, 
and a classification of the Exhibition, were also read and ordered to be 
printed as follows: 

Copy of the letter addressed by her Majesty's Commissioners to the vari- 
ous Commissioners appointed in Foreign countries to promote the Ex- 
h.bition. 

Palace of Westminster, July 29, 1850. 

Sir: We are directed by her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhi- 
bition of 1851 to communicate to you and the other Commissioners ap- 
pointed by the American Government, the great satisfaction with which 
they have received the intelligence of the formation of your commission, 
and of the steps which have been taken by it for the purpose of co-ope- 
rating with them, and of properly representing the industry of your 
country in the approaching Exhibition in London. 

The Commissioners have themselves been anxiously occupied in ma- 
king preparations for the reception of those valuable and interesting ob- 
jects which you may forward for exhibition, and for the erection of a 
suitable building for their display ; and also in making such other ar- 
rangements regarding Medals, Prizes, Juries, and the general condi- 



lions of exhibition, as seem most likely to promote the objects of the 
friendly competition in which so many great nations are now taking 
such deep interest. 

The enclosed printed papers (Decisions of her Majesty's Commission- 
ers) will sufficiently communicate to you, for the information of American 
exhtbitors, the nature of the arrangements that have been made for the 
admission of foreign productions to the Exhibition ; and we are di- 
rected to call your attention especially to that portion relating to the 
Custom House arrangements. 

According to the regulations of the Board of Customs, it is necessary 
that the agents employed should enter into bonds to secure the payment 
of the duties assessed on the goods which are sent for exhibition, should 
such goods be sold in this country after the Exhibition is closed ; but as 
all goods transmitted by the same vessel, and consigned to one and the 
same agent, will be covered by one bond, it would much facilitate the 
arrangement for all parties, and diminish the expense, if the articles in- 
tended for Exhibition were forwarded by each Central Authority en masse, 
or at all events, in as few separate consignments as possible. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners, as you will perceive by the accompany- 
ing papers, have nominated, on the recommendation of the Commission- 
ers of the Board of Customs, several persons as proper and responsible 
agents to be employed for the Port of London ; all of whom have stated 
their willingness to adopt a much lower scale of charges than those usu- 
ally required in ordinary mercantile transactions for the services they 
may render, and to furnish a statement of the proposed charges, so far as 
they can be specified beforehand, to all parties who may desire to know 
them. 

Of the agents named for the Outports, Mr. Ormston, of Newcastle, 
and Messrs. Fords and Canning, of Bristol, have signified their intention 
of not making any charges except those to which they may be personally 
subjected, and the others purpose to charge less than their ordinary rates. 

In addition to the facilities offered by these gentlemen, we are further 
directed to add that the firm of Messrs. Nicholson, Besley & Co, (East 
India and China Wharf, London,) have signified their intention of ma- 
king no charge upon goods conveyed by their lighters, or for landing 
on their quays ; and the Hull Dock Company, Hull, have also announ- 
ced that no charge for wharfage will be made by that company. The 
usual charges will therefore be still further reduced in the* case of all 
persons who may take advantage of the offer thus liberally made by 
these parties. 



In transmitting the names of these agents, Her Majesty's Commis- 
sioners are desirous that it should be clearly understood that they do not 
hold themselves in any way accountable for the charges which may be 
made, and that the sole object which they have had in view, in what must 
be considered as a private transaction between the Exhibitors and the 
agents, has been merely to suggest means for affording to foreign 
exhibitors the opportunity of availing themselves, if they might see fit, 
of those arrangements which the Commissioners believe would be found 
to be most convenient and economical; it being distinctly understood that 
any central authority or foreign exhibitor is perfectly free to employ 
any other Agent than those named, and to make any other arrangements 
that may be deemed more convenient. 

The attention of the Commissioners have been called to the question 
of fitting up the American goods for exhibition. The Commissioners in 
London have to state that they are willing to undertake to supply count- 
ers upon which the goods may be displayed. But American exhibitors, 
or such commissioners, or representatives as may be duly authorized to 
act for them, will be at perfect liberty to take charge of fitting them up 
according to their taste with glass shades, &c, &c, at their own cost. 
It will be very desirable that you should acquaint us at an earlv period 
with your intentions with reference to this point ; and also with the views 
which you entertain of appointing authorized agents here to be specially 
charged on your behalf with the care and display of the goods trans- 
mitted under your orders. 

The Commissioners trust that the -arrangements, the details of which 
are now submitted to you, will be satisfactory, and that these will serve 
to show that they are not insensible to the value of the exertions which 
you are making to co-operate in this great Industrial Exhibition of the 
works of all nations. 

We avail ourselves of this opportunity to offer to you the assurances 
of the high consideration and esteem with which we have the honor to 
sign ourselves, 

Sir, your most faithful servants, 

J. SCOTT RUSSELL. 
STAFFORD H. NORTHCOTE, 
To Prof. Walter R. Johnson, 

Secretary of the Central Committee for the 

Industrial Exhibition at London for the United States, 
Washington, D. C. 



Copy of the Letter addressed to Mr. Chinnery, Messrs. Lightly and 
Simon, Messrs. M'Cracken, Mr. Maclean, Mr. Major, and 
Messrs. Phillipps and Rowell. 

Office for the Executive Committee, 

1, Old Palace Yard, Westminster, 

July 8th, 1850. 
Gentlemen : I am instructed by her Majesty's Commissioners to 
inquire if they clearly comprehend the scale of rates which, in your 
communication with Sir Alexander Spearman, you proposed to him to 
charge for goods sent through your agency for the Exhibition of 1851, 
if your names were amongst those suggested to exhibitors abroad. Her 
Majesty's Commissioners understand that you intend to divide your 
charges under two heads: — 

1st. Expenses which are actually paid out of pocket for the Ex- 
hibitors. 
2d. Charges for your own remuneration. 

Under the first head are to be considered— 

1. Freight from the port of departure. This is to be the sum actu- 
ally paid. The amount is of course uncertain, depending entirely on 
the arrangements made on the other side. 

2. The postage actually incurred in each case. 

3. The Customs bond. As, however, under the facilities to be af- 
forded by the Board of Customs, one Bond will cover the whole con- 
signment in the same vessel to one agent, the charge of 5s., being the 
stamp duty, is to be divided among the several consigners. Thus, if five 
parties send over by the same vessel to the same agent, the charge is 
to be Is. each. 

4. Lighterage, being the actual expenses in bringing the goods from 
the vessel to the wharf. This charge her Majesty's Commissioners un- 
derstand to have been arranged by you as follows : — 

On small packages, under 6 feet cube Os. 6d. per package 

" of 6 feet and undes 10 feet cube 9 " 

•' of 10 feet and under 20feet cube 1 " 

Larger packages, but not unusually large 2 ( * 

5. Landing from the lighter, wharfage, and loading into carts for re- 



moval. This charge they also understand to have been arranged by 
you as follows : — 

On all packages under 10 feet cube Is. Od. 

" of 10 feet and under 20 feet cube 1 6 

" of 20 " 40 « 2 

of 40 "60 " 3 

of 60 »« 80 " 4 6 

u of 80 100 " 6 

" of 100 feet 10 

The Hull Dock Company have signified their intention of not ma- 
king any charge for goods passing over their wharves ; and other Com- 
panies or individuals* in London may adopt the same course. It is to 
be understood, therefore, that, with regard to lighterage, wharfage, and 
landing, the agents will in such cases employ such parties in respect 
to goods intended for the Exhibition so as to secure to the exhibitors that 
they shall be relieved from those charges in the manner intended. 

6. Cartage from the wharf to the building. — Her Majesty's Commis- 
sioners understand you cannot fix the charges, because they must be 
regulated by the bulk, weight-, &c. ; but her Majesty's Commissioners 
are informed by Sir Alexander Spearman, that you will keep them as 
low as possible, and that the charges will probably be from 25. per pack- 
age upwards. 

7. Unpacking at the building.— This charge depending entirely on 
the nature of the contents of each package, the care required and the 
time occupied, no scale of rates can be fixed on ; but the greatest economy 
of time and labor is to be practised, and the charge is to be kept as 
closely as possible to the expense incurred. 

For your own remuneration, for time, clerks' hire, correspondence, 
giving bond, &c, &c, Her Majesty's Commissioners understand that you 
propose on each warehousing entry to charge 2s. 6d. to each party, and 
on each bond given 2*. 6d. This latter charge is, of course, to be di- 
vided in the same manner, as the stamp duty on the bond, that is, among 
the several parties when more than one consign by the same vessel to 
the same agent. On such package, the property of the same consigner, 
under 20 feet cube, and if ordinary contents, a fee of 55. 

On each package larger than 20 feet cube, a fee of 7s. 6d. 

On very large or valuable works, such as delicate sculpture, a steam- 
Engine, &c, a fee according to special agreement. 

*By the correspondence, p. 14, it will be seen that Messrs. Nicholson, Besley, 
& Co., have made an offer even more liberal. 



ttr 

With regard to unpacking, removing, and re-shipment when required, 
all the charges are to be as nearly as possible the same as above. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners understand that the aggregate charges, 
excluding the bond, would therefore be, on a case of less than 10 feet 
cube, about lis. 3d. ; on a case of 10 feet cube, and up to 20 feet cube, 

125. 

If the foregoing correctly expresses your intention, I am instructed to 
request an early reply, that steps may be taken to communicate with 
parties intending to exhibit, send who may reside in the eolonies and for- 
eign parts. 

I have the honor to be, gentlemen, your obedient servant, 

(Signed) M. DIGBY WYATT, Secretary. 

(Copy of Mr. Stahlschmidt's Letter.) 

14, Mark Lane. July 13, 1850. 
Sir: Sir Alexander Spearman has correctly stated to Her Majesty's 
Commissioners for the Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations for 1851* 
that I proposed, in consideration of the large number of packages expected, 
to charge for the goods sent through my agency to that Exhibition, a 
consolidated rate in proportion to 9s. for a package of 10 feet cube, in- 
cluding all charges from the ship direct to Hyde Park (bond and freight 
only excluded); that I should make no charge for warehousing entries, 
and that it would include the remuneration for superintending the un- 
packing of packages of ordinary contents, or that the charge might be 
divided, say As. for lighterage, landing, wharfage, and cartage, and 55. 
agency for such sized package. 

I adopt the graduated scale proposed by Her Majesty's Commissioners* 
say — 

7s. 6d. for a package not exceeding 5 feet cube. 
9 for a package exceeding 5 feet and not exceeding 10 feet. 

10 feet " 15 feet 

15 feet " 20 feet. 

20 feet " 30 feet. 

'« 30 feet " 40 feet. 

For larger in proportion, excepting those of extraordinary weight and 
size. The charge for superintending the unpacking of packages requir- 
ing particular care and much time, will be regulated by a moderate 
estimate of such extra trouble, it being understood that I am not answer- 
able for any breakage or accident that might happen during the opera- 
tion. 



11 


6 


14 





16 


6 


18 


6 



11 

If Messrs. Nicholson, Besley and Co. will cause the goods to be 
lightered, landed and delivered to the carts free of expense on their 
premises, the exhibitors will of course have the benefit of any part 
thereby saved, and my charges, independent of agency, will be reduced 
to cartage, to be made m proportion to the scale adopted. 
I remain, sir. 

Your obedient humble servant, 
(Signed) F. STAHLSCHMIDT, 

Of the Firm of Drolenvaux and StahlschmidL 
M. Digby Wyatt, Esq., 

Secretary to the Executive Committee of the Royal 

Commissioners for the Exhibition of Industry of all Nations^ 



(Extracts from Letters from Agetits at the Qutgoris.) 
Dover. — John Friend. 

41 1st. The Landing Charges : — 

Packages under 14 lbs. weight .. . . Qs. Zd~ 
14 lbs. to 56 lbs. weight . 6 

'• 56 lbs. to 1 cwt 10 

" above 1 cwt. Is. per cwt. 
u These charges are fixed by the Pavement Commissioners of Dover, 
under an Act of Parliament authorizing them to appoint porters for land- 
ing packages from the packets. If many cases come, as they are 
not to be opened, 1 should probably get them lessened by arrangement* 
and could do so if sent as cargo by merchandize vessels, as w& should 
then be able to employ our own men. Town and Harbour dues and 
wharfage, Id. per case. 
"2nd. taping and sealing: 

Packages under 1 4 lbs. weight . . . Is. 0d. 
14 lbs. to 1 cwt. .... 1 6 
" above 1 cwt. . . . 2 6 

(To include wax, cord, &c.) 
** 3rd. Delivery to railway. — Included in charge for landing. 
" 4th. Agency. — 2s. 6d. per package." 

Dover.— John Hay ward, Jun. 

" Charges on goods at this port, as fixed by the Local Commissioners, 
would be, for the landing of packages from the vessel to the Custom 



12 

House, and from thence to the railway station or by water carriage 
per sailing weekly trader is, — 

6d. for packages of 56 lbs. weight 
Is. " 112 lbs. " 

and 6d. for every additional 56 lbs. 
u The taping and sealing is a charge at the Custom House. 
" The Agency Is. per package, and all postages of whatever kind (say 
Foreign and English). 

Folkestone. — Francis M. Faulkner. 

u I should be willing to charge 2s. 6d. only for commission for for- 
warding each package, in addition to which there will be a trifling charge 
for porterage, say from Is. to 2s. according to size, with such charge for 
taping and sealing as the Honorable Commissioners of Customs may 
direct, in no case exceeding Is. 6d. per package." 

Folkestone. — Theodore Walsh. 

" 1st. Postage to be charged if any. 

u 2nd. There are no landing charges, but the charges for porterage 
will be as under : — 

6d. for package under 1 4 lbs. 
Is. " ,{ 1 cwt. 

Is. €>d. " above 1 cwt. 
u 3rd. The taping and sealing per package : — 
Is. under 14 lbs. 
Is. 6d. under 1 cwt. 
2s. 6d. above 1 cwt. 
,( 4th. The delivery to the railway for carriage to London included 
in the charge for porterage. 

• { 5th. The agency would be 2s. 6^. each upon all packages." 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. — J. Ormston, Hamburgh steam wharf. 

" 1 will undertake the duties without any charge, except being reim- 
bursed my actual outlay." 

Hull. — Good, Hodman, and Co. 
11 Impossible to forward a list of landing rates, as such vary according 
to the contents of the packages — say cottons, iron, sculpture, &c. As 
such, we have considered it best to forward you the printed rates of the 
Dock Company, which show the charge on various goods, with the ex- 
ception that the charge of wharfage by a special rate of the Companyi 



13 

will be remitted on all articles for exhibition. The truckage from the 
ship is generally about the same as "landing," or if forwarded per rail- 
way, the railway company fetch the goods without charge; taping 
and sealing about Id. per moderately-sized package, unless the customs 
make their own charge for this; agency commission, say customs' entry 
each shipment, 2s. 6d. ; trouble, receiving, forwarding, &c„ from Is. Qd. 
l o 2s. 6d. per package, according to size or number. The above rates 
are as nearly correct as we can possibly give them, subject to such 
variations as circumstances may direct in peculiar cases." 

Bristol. — Messrs. Fords and Canning, King-street Hall. 

"My partner and 1 would be happy to receive, pass at the Custom 
House, warehouse, and forward any articles which may arrive free of 
any charge whatever, and be happy to facilitate the arrangements of the 
Commissioners by all the means in our power." 

Liverpool. — R. H. Sherlock and Co. 

"1st. Postages, or at least fore ign postages, to be charged precisely 
what may be disbursed actually. 

'' The » landing charge 5 would be also charged according to the 
actual porterage charges disbursed to the licensed master porters, or 
to the Albert Dock Establishment, both bodies having a fixed scale of 
porterage rate, established by the authorities, but far too diversified to 
even sketch its maximum in all cases, probably not exceeding Is. per 
package of ordinary size, and small ones about 6d. 

" 3rd. The charge for taping and sealing would be included in the 
1 landing charge,' excepting the actual added disbursements for mere 
tape and wax. 

,c 4th. The delivery to the railway for conveyance to London would 
be the actual added disbursements for cartage to the goods railway 
station, and whatever extra porterage might be required to 'lighten' the 
Goods at the Station « with care;' but the main porterage is included in 
the master porters' charge for 'landing.' 

"5th. Our charge for agency is twofold, it being always customary to 
make one charge for 'eustoms' entry,' or equivalent document (for 
which we would charge only 5s. per lot, large or small), with the custo- 
mary second charge? for 'forwarding,' for which we would charge 5s. 
per package additional, if the lot be not above three packages in all ; if 
four packages or more, then 35. 6d. per package (additional to the 5s. 
charge for customs agency, as already explained). These being, we 



14 

believe, below the average charges for goods requiring to be forwarded 
under bond, would be our sole charges, except the cost of bond, and all 
other charges only actual bona fide disbursements." 

Southampton. — George A. P. Brady. 

1st. Postage to be charged when incurred. 

2nd. The landing or dock charges on packages vary according to 
description, size, weight, and contents ; I therefore hand you the Dock 
Company's Tariff, so that you may be made acquainted with the charge 
on any goods or any special article, should you require the same. The 
average charges will be — for heavy goods, 3s. Ad. per ton , for light 
goods, 5s. per ton ; weight and machinery, 5s. to 6s. Qd. per ton, inclu- 
ding landing, houseing, and delivery to railway station. 

3rd. Taping and sealing, id. per package. 

4th. The delivery to railway included in dock charges, as above. 

5th. Agency 2s. per package, to include all entries, attendance, and 
forwarding. 



(Copy of Messrs. Nicholson, Besley, and Co's Ofer.) 

East India and China Wharf, 

12 and 14, Lower Thames Street, June \ith> 1850. 

To the Committee of the Royal Commission of the Exhibition q/" 1 851. 

My Lords and Gentlemen : We feel great interest in the success 
of the Exhibition of 1851, and it has occurred to us, whether we could 
not very materially aid the Commission by the proposal we now make. 

We expect that large quantities of goods will be sent to this Port for 
the Exhibition, in steam boats and other vessels, by foreigners who 
know nothing of the routine of waterside business, and who would conse- 
quently be under the necessity of employing agents at much expense and 
trouble to enter their goods at the Custom House, and clear them at the 
several docks and wharves, we therefore think it may be acceptable to 
the Commission if we offer to undertake the whole of such business with- 
out any charge whatever. 

It will be our duty, provided the Commission deem our offer worthy 
of acceptance, to explain more fully our views on the subject, in the 
meanwhile we beg the Commission to understand, generally, that we 
purpose bearing the expense of agency, lighterage, &c, to be incurred 
in bringing from steamboats and other vessels entering this port, all the 



15 

goods from foreign countries intended for the Exhibition, and to give 
the labour of our establishment in landing the goods here, and delivering 
them from hence. 

We have the honor to be, 

My Lords and Gentlemen, 

Your most obedient servants, 
JOHN J. NICHOLSON, BESLEY, & Co. 



Palace of Westminster, June 29th, 1850. 

Gentlemen : I am directed by Her Majesty's Commissioners for the 
Exhibition of 1851 to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 14th 
instant, wherein you say " that you feel great interest in the success of 
the Exhibition of 1851. and that it has occurred to you whether you 
could not very materially aid the Commission by the proposal you therein 
made ;" and also that you expect that large quantities of goods will be 
sent to this port for the Exhibition in steamboats and other vessels by 
foreigners who know nothing of the routine of waterside business, and 
who would consequently be under the necessity of employing agents at 
much expense and trouble to enter their goods at the Custom House, and 
clear them at the several docks and wharves ; you therefore think it 
may be acceptable to the Commission if you offer to undertake the whole 
of such business without any charge whatever. Her Majesty's Commis- 
sioners feel sensible of the liberality of your offer, which, on the further 
information you have given to Sir Alexander Spearman, they understand 
to be that you are prepared to land at your wharf, at your own expense » 
all goods intended for the exhibition from the vessel importing them- 
and to load such goods in the vans or carts by which they will be con- 
veyed to the place for exhibition ; the undertaking being that you your- 
self propose to provide the lighters which will be required, and have 
engaged not to make any charge whatever for wharf dues, lighterage, or 
loading in the case of any exhibitor availing himself on that occasion of 
your services. 

Upon learning from you that they have correctly apprehended the 
offer thus made, Her Majesty's Commissioners will be prepared to mak® 
the necessary communication to foreign countries. 
I have, &c, 

(For Stafford H. Northcote,) 

EDGAR A. BOWRING. 
Messrs. Nicholson and Besley, &c, &c., &c. 



16 

East India Wharf, 6th July, 1850. 
Sir: We beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 29th 
ultimo, and in reply we have to state that Her Majesty's Commissioners 
for the exhibition of 1851 have correctly apprehended the offer made by 
us in our letter of the 14th ultimo, which we have much pleasure in 
confirming. 

We are, sir, yours obediently, 

JOHN NICHOLSON, BESLEY, & Co, 
Stafford H. Northcote, Esq. 



Palace of Westminster, July [Oth, 1850. 
Gentlemen: With reference to your letter of the 14th ultimo, con- 
taining a proposal for undertaking the task of landing at your wharf, tree 
of expense, and subsequently loading in vans, for conveyance to the place 
of exhibition, goods that may be sent for exhibition from foreign coun- 
tries through the port of London, and to your further communication of 
the 6th instant, stating that the offer thus made by you has been correctly 
apprehended, we are directed by Her Majesty's Commissioners for the 
exhibition of 1851 to inform you that they will have much satisfaction in 
taking advantage of your liberal proposal, and that they will lake the 
necessary steps for making its purport known to those who maybe likely 
to benefit by it. 

We have, &c, 

J. SCOTT RUSSELL. 

STAFFORD H. NORTHCOTE. 
Messrs. Nicholson and Besley, &c, &c, &c. 



INFORMATION FOR THE USE OF FOREIGN EXHIBI- 
TORS. 

July, 1850. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Promotion of the Exhibi- 
tion of the Works of Industry of all Nations, to be holden 
in 1851, have fixed on the 1st day of May, 1851, for opening the Exhi- 
bition. 

The Commissioners will be prepared to receive all articles which may 
be sent to them, on and after the 1st of January, 1851, and will continue 
so to receive goods until the 1st of March inclusive ; after which day no 
further goods will be received. 

Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to grant a site for this pur- 



17 

pose on the south side of Hyde Park, lying between the Kensington 
Drive and the Ride commonly called Rotten Row. 

The articles exhibited will be divided into four sections, and a classi- 
fied list, together with general instructions affecting each department, 
has been prepared. 

The building will be provided to the exhibitors free from rent. 

The productions of all nations will be admitted. 

Exhibitors will be required to deliver their objects, at their own charge 
and risk, at the building in the Park ; and her Majesty's Commissioners 
for the Exhibition 1851 will make suitable arrangements for their recep- 
tion, but no charges of any kind will be made whilst they remain there. 

Colonial and foreign productions will be admitted without paying duty, 
for the purposes of exhibition, but not for internal consumption. Her 
Majesty's Commissioners of Customs will consider all such articles as 
bonded goods. 

Any manufacturer exhibiting articles which can properly be placed 
together according to the classification already announced, will be at 
liberty to arrange such articles in his own way ; and his arrangement, 
if compatible with the convenience of other exhibitors and of the public, 
will not be disturbed. In like manner, if it is wished to exhibit together 
the productions of a particular town or district, nation or country, all 
such productions, if they can fairly be said to be of the same sort, will be 
admitted together. The decision whether they are so admissible or not, 
must of course rest in each case with the discretion of the Commis- 
sioners. 

Where it is desired to exhibit processes of manufacture, a sufficient 
number of articles, however dissimilar, will be admitted for the purpose 
of illustrating the process ; but they must not exceed what may be actu- 
ally required. 

In all cases where the productions of an individual are exhibited toge- 
ther, his wishes, with regard to the treatment of them, will be complied 
with as far as possible ; but should they be of a nature to involve expense, 
the Commissioners cannot undertake to meet that expense out of their 
funds, but must call upon the exhibitor to defray it himself. Glass cases, 
frames, and stands of peculiar construction, and similar contrivances for 
the display or protection of the goods exhibited, must in like manner be 
provided by the person requiring them at his own cost. 

Exhibitors must be at the charge of insuring their own goods, should 
they desire this security. The Commissioners take this opportunity of 
stating that, however careful they may be in the construction of the 



18 

building, ft will be quite impossible to erect one of the required dimen- 
sions which shall be absolutely fire-proof; and although every precau- 
tion will be taken to prevent fire, and to extinguish it, should it unfortu- 
nately occur, the Commissioners cannot be responsible for losses which? 
may be occasioned by this, or any other accident whatever. 

The Commissioners are prepared to take the greatest care in their 
power of all objects sent; but they are not prepared to incur a degree of 
responsibility unusual with regard to public exhibitions. For this 
reason it has been already stated that exhibitors must be at the charge 
of insuring their own goods, and that the Commissioners cannot be re- 
sponsible for losses which may be occasioned by fire, or any other acci- 
dent. They will spare no pains in making such police and other ar- 
rangements as may appear adequate for the protection of the exhibition^ 
and the security of the articles exhibited. They will, of course, give all 
the aid in their power for the legal prosecution of all persons guilty of 
robbery or wilful injury of any of the articles in the exhibition, should 
such unfortunately occur in spite of the precautions which will betaken;" 4 

Should any exhibitor desire to employ a servant of his own to pre- 
serve or keep in order the articles he exhibits, or to explain them to visi- 
tors, he may do so after obtaining permission from the Commissioners. 
Such persons, however, will in all cases be forbidden to invite visitors to 
purchase the goods of their employers, the Exhibition being intended for 
the purpose of display only, and not for those of sale; and any violation 
of this or any other rule must lead to their exclusion from the building. 

Prices are not to be affixed to the articles exhibited. But as the cost 
at which articles can be produced will, in some cases, enter into the ques- 
tion of the distribution of rewards, the Commissioners, or the persons 
intrusted with the adjudication of the rewards, may have to make inqui- 
ries, and possibly to take evidence, upon the subject ; still they do not con- 
sider it expedient to affix a note of the price on the articles displayed. 
When the exhibitor considers the merit of his article to consist in its 
cheapness, he should state the price in the invoice sent to the Commis- 
sioners. 

Packing-cases in which articles are brought to the building must be 
removed at the cost of the agent or exhibitor, as soon as the goods are 
examined and deposited in charge of the Commissioners. 

No articles of foreign manufacture, to whomsoever they may belong, 
or wheresoever they may be, can be admitted for exhibition, unless they 
come with the sanction of the Central Authority of the country of which 
ihey ar& the produce. Her Majesty's Commissioners have communica- 



19 

ted to suah Central Authority the amount of space which can be allowed 
to the productions of the country for which it acts, and will also state 
the further conditions and limitations which may from time to time be 
decided on with respect to the admission of articles. All articles forward- 
ed by such Central Authority will then be admitted, provided they do 
not require a greater aggregate amount of space than that assigned to the 
productions of the country from which they come ; and, provided also, 
that they do not violate the general conditions and limitations. It Will 
rest with the Central Authority in each country to decide upon the merits 
of the several articles presented for exhibition, and to take care that those 
which are sent are such as fairly represent the industry of their fellow- 
countrymen. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners will consider that to be the Central 
Authority in each case which is stated to be so by the Government of its 
country. Having once been put in communication with a Central Au- 
thority in any country, they must decline, absolutely and entirely, any 
communication with private and unauthorized individuals ; and should 
any such be addressed to them, they can only refer it to the central body. 
This decision is essentially necessary, in order to prevent confusion. 

The Commissioners do not insist upon articles being in all cases ac- 
tually forwarded by the Central Authority, though they consider that 
this would generally be the most satisfactory arrangement; but it is in- 
dispensable that the sanction of such authority should in all cases be ex- 
pressly given, and that it be held responsible for the fitness of such ar- 
ticles for exhibition, and for not authorizing the exhibition of a greater 
quantity than can be accommodated in the space assigned to the produc- 
tions of the country in question. 

In case the Central Authority in any country should be of opinion 
that the space allotted to the productions of that country is greater than 
it will require, the Commissioners have to request that this opinion may 
be communicated to them, as it is obvious that it would not appear well if 
a large vacant space should be left in the department assigned to any 
country. 

The Commissioners reserve to themselves the unfettered right of di- 
recting the arrangement of all goods that may be sent in such a manner 
as they may think proper. They will endeavor, in the ease of articles, 
the nature of which admits of their so doing, to cause the arrangement 
of each section to have some reference to the nationality of the produc- 
tions exhibited in it, and will not intermix the productions of one country 
with those of another, in cases Adhere the objects of the exhibition can be 



20 

attained without their doing so. Whatever may be their arrangements, 
however, they undertake to find places for all articles sent by each 
country which could, if placed together, be exhibited in the aggregate 
space allotted to that country, provided only that they be informed in suf- 
ficient time what proportion of that space will be required for Raw Ma- 
terials, what proportion for Machinery, and what proportion for Manu- 
factured Articles, and what proportion for objects of Fine Art. This in- 
formation should be sent on or before the 1st of September. 



ARRANGEMENTS MADE BY THE BOARD OF CUSTOMS TO ADMIT 
FOREIGN AND COLONIAL PRODUCTIONS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF 
THE EXHIBITION OF 1851, WITHOUT PAYMENT OF DUTY. 

All Works intended for the Exhibition will, in the first instance, be ad- 
mitted into this country without payment of duty; the goods will not be 
subject to examination at the waterside, but will be conveyed to the place 
of Exhibition, at the expense of the importer, under charge of proper offi- 
cers of the Customs, to be there opened by the importer or his agent, and 
examined in the presence of the proper officer of the Customs, in order 
to assess the amount of duty which would become payable thereon if sold 
in this country, and such marks attached thereto as may be considered 
necessary to maintain the identity of the goods. 

The goods brought for exhibition will be considered as warehoused, 
under the warehousing regulations, in the premises appointed for the 
Exhibition ; and security must be given in each case for the due re-ex- 
portation of the goods, or payment of the duty at the close of the Exhibi- 
tion ; and no goods liable to duty to be on any account removed from 
the premises until the [termination of the Exhibition ; and then only on 
payment of the duty, or for re-exportation. 

All works from foreign countries intended for exhibition, should be 
imported into some one or other of the following ports : — London, Li- 
verpool, Bristol, Hull, Newcastle, Dover, Folkestone, and 
Southampton. 

That the packages, when unaccompanied by the proprietors, shall be 
addressed to agents. 

The agents at the Outports will take all the needful steps for for- 
warding, under the directions of the Commissioners of the Customs, the 
packages unopened to London (where they are not imported direct into 
the port of London,) and for their delivery unopened at the building in 
which they are to be exhibited. 



21 

In the case of packages imported into the port of London, the agent 
to whom they will be addressed will take charge of them on their ar- 
rival, and forward them unopened to the building for exhibition. 

To secure the arrival of all the packages unopened and unexamined 
at the place of exhibition, they will be sealed at the port of landing} 
with the official seal of the Board of Customs, which will afford a guar- 
antee at the same time to the party and to the revenue. 

The whole of the goods will be admitted, in the first instance , without 
payment of any duty ; and if they are not disposed of in England, 
they will be delivered up for re-exportation, free of all charge for duty. 
If, however, they shall be disposed of in England, the duty chargeable 
thereon must in that case be paid before they are removed from the 
place of exhibition, but they cannot be removed until the Exhibition is 
finally closed. 

When the packages have been duly deposited in the building in which 
they are to be exhibited, they will be opened and examined in the pres- 
ence of the proprietor, or of the agent in his behalf, and will then be 
in custody of the Commission, without whose authority they cannot be 
removed from the Exhibition. 

All goods which are forwarded to England will remain deposited in 
charge of the Customs, until claimed by an agent of the party sending 
them, who will have to establish his right to remove them to the build- 
ing, by producing the bill of lading, and the certificate given to the 
exhibitor by the Central Authorities in each country, that such goods 
are intended for exposition. 

Goods placed in charge of the officers of the Royal Commission by a 
custom house agent, for which goods he has given bond, will not be per- 
mitted to be removed from the Exhibition by any person but the agent 
through whom they are exhibited. 



List of Agents recommended as fit persons to be employed by Foreig- 
ners in passing Articles for the Exhibition in 1851, through the 
Custom Houses, and who have agreed to do so on terms below those 
charged in ordinary mercantile transactions. Each of the undermenr 
tioned agents are prepared to forward their scale of charges. 
London. — Mr. Chinnery, 67^, Loiver Thames-street. Messrs. Lightly 
and Simon, 123, Fenchurch street. Messrs. McCracken, 
7, Old Jewry. Mr. D. Maclean, Lobby, Custom-House. 
Mr. C. T. Major, 21, Billiter -street. Messrs. Phillips 
and Rowell, 11, Water-lane, Thames-street. Messrs 
Stalschmidt and Co., 14, Mark-lane. 



22 

Bristol. — Messrs. Fords and Canning. 

Hull. — Messrs. Good, Todman and Co. 

Liverpool. — Messrs. Sherlock. 

Newcastle. — Mr. John Ormston. 58, Quay Side. 

Dover. — Mr. John Hayward, Junion. Mr. John Friend. 

Folkeston. — Mr. F. M. Faulkner. Mr. Theodore Walsh. 

Southampton. — Mr. G. A. P. Brady. 

THE PRIZES AND JURIES. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners have had under their consideration the 
prizes to be awarded to exhibitors, and have resolved to take immediate 
steps for having (three) medals struck of various sizes and different de- 
signs, it being their opinion that this is the form in which it will, gene- 
rally speaking, be most desirable that the rewards should be distributed. 
They have decided to select bronze for the material in which the medals 
are to be executed, considering that metal to be the better calculated than 
any other for the development of superior skill and ingenuity in the me- 
dallic art, and at the same time the most likely to constitute a lasting 
memorial of the Exhibition. 

With regard to the mode in which the prizes are to be awarded, the 
Commissioners think it inexpedient to establish beforehand rules so pre- 
cise as to fetter the discretion of the Juries upon which the task will ul- 
timately devolve. It will be sufficient for the present to indicate the gen- 
eral principles to which it will probably be advisable to conform in the 
award of prizes for successful competition in the several departments of 
the Exhibition. 

In the department of Raw Materials and Produce, for instance, 
prizes will be awarded upon a consideration of the value and importance 
of the article, and the superior excellence of the particular specimens 
exhibited ; and in the case of prepared materials, coming under this head 
of the Exhibition, the Juries will take into account the novelty and im- 
portance of the prepared product, and the superior skill and ingenuity 
manifested in the process of preparation. 

In the department of Machinery, the prizes will be given with ref- 
erence to novelty in the invention, superiority in the execution, increased 
efficiency, or increased economy, in the use of the article exhibited. 
The importance, in a social or other point of view, of the purposes to 
which, the article is to be applied, will also be taken into consideration, 
as will also the amount of the difficulties overcome in bringing the in- 
vention to perfection. 



23 

In the department of Manufactures, those articles will be reward- 
ed which fulfil in the highest degree the conditions specified in the sec- 
tional list already published, viz: Increased usefulness, such as perma- 
nency in dyes, improved forms and arrangements in articles of utility? 
&c. ; superior quality, or superior skill in workmanship ; new use of 
known materials ; use of new materials ; new combinations of mate- 
rials, as in metals and pottery ; beauty of design in form, or colour, or 
both, with reference to utility ; cheapness, relatively to excellence of 
production. 

In the department of Sculpture, Models, and the Plastic Art, 
the rewards will have reference to the beauty and originality of the spe- 
cimens exhibited, to improvements in the processes of production, to the 
application of art to manufactures, and, in the case of models, to the in- 
terest attaching to the subjeet they represent. 

These general indications are sufficient to show that it is the wish of 
the Commissioners, as far as possible to reward all articles in any de- 
partment of the Exhibition which may appear to competent judges to 
posses any decided superiority, of whatever nature that superiority may 
be. It is the intention of the Commissioners to reward excellence in 
whatever form it is presented, and not to give inducements to the distinc- 
tions of a merely individual competition. Although the Commissioners 
have determined on having three medals of different sizes and designs,, 
they do not propose to instruct the Juries to award them as first, second, 
and third in degree for the same class of subjects. They do not wish to 
trammel the Juries by any precise limitation; but they consider that the 
Juries will rather view the three kinds of medals as a means of apprecia- 
ting and distinguishing the respective characters of the subjects to be re- 
warded, aud not of making distinctive marks in the same class of ar- 
ticles exhibited. They fully recognize that excellence in production is 
not only to be looked for in high-priced goods, in which much cost of 
labour and skill has been employed, but they encourage the exhibition 
of low-priced fabrics, when combining quality with lowness of price, or 
with novelty of production. They can readily conceive that Juries will 
be justified in giving the same class medal to the cheapest calico print ? 
made for the Brazilian or other South American market, as they would 
to the finest piece of mousseline de soie or mousseline de laine, if each 
possessed excellence of its own kind. 

In selecting the Juries who are ultimately to guide them in making 
their award, the Commissioners will take the greatest pains to secure 
the services of men of known ability to form a judgment, above the sus- 



24 

picion of either national or individual partiality (for which purpose they 
will be composed partly of Englishmen, and partly of foreigners;) and 
who may be expected to recognize and appreciate merit wherever it may 
be found, and in whatever way it may show itself. 

No competitor for a prize in any section will be allowed to act upon 
a Jury to award the prizes in that species of article in which he is a 
competitor. 

The names of persons selected to act on these Juries will be publish- 
ed when decided upon. 

All persons, whether being designers or inventors, the manufacturers or 
the proprietors of articles, will be allowed to exhibit; but they must state 
the character in which they do so. They may also state the names of all 
or any of the parties who have aided in the production. In awarding the 
prizes, however, it will be for the Juries to consider, in each individual ' 
case, how far the various elements of merit should be recognized, and to 
decide whether the prize should be handed to the exhibitor, or to one or 
more of those who have aided in the production. 

Lastly, the Commissioners, in announcing their intention of giving 
medal prizes, do not propose altogether to exclude pecuniary grants, 
either as prize of successful competition, or as awards under special cir- 
cumstances, accompanying, and in addition to the honorary distinction of 
the medal. There may be cases in which, on account of the condition of 
life of the successful competitor (as, for instance, in the case of work- 
men,) the grant of a sum of money may be the most appropriate reward of 
superior excellence; and there may be other cases of a special and ex- 
ceptional nature, in which, from a consideration of the expense incurred 
in the preparation or transmission of a particular article entitled to a 
prize, combined with a due regard to the condition and pecuniary cir- 
cumstances of the party exhibiting, a special grant may with propriety 
be added to the honorary distinction. The Commissioners are not pre- 
pared, for the present at least, to establish any regulations on these heads. 
They consider it probable that a wide discretion must be left to the Ju- 
ries to be hereafter appointed in respect to the award of money prizes, or 
the grant of money in aid of honorary distinctions; it being understood 
that such discretion is to be exercised under the superintendence and con- 
trol of the Commission. 

Articles marked " Not for competition" cannot be admitted. 

. J. SCOTT RUSSELL, 
STAFFORD H. NORTHCOTE. 

Palace of Westminster, July 29, 1850. 



25 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE EXHIBITION. 

The Articles exhibited will be divided into Four Sections : 

Section I. Raw Materials and Produce — illustrative of the natu- 
ral productions on which human industry is em- 
ployed. 

Section II. Machinery for Agricultural, Manufacturing-, Engineer- 
ing, and other purposes, and Mechanical Inventions, 
illustrative of the agents which human ingenuity 
brings to bear upon the products of nature. 

Section III. Manufactures — illustrative of the result produced by 
the operations of human industry upon natural pro- 
duce. 

Section IV. Sculpture, Models, and the Plastic Art generally — il- 
lustrative .of the taste and skill displayed in such 
applications of human industry. 

Articles belonging to one Section, may be admitted to another, where 
they may be considered necessary ; but in such cases for illustration only. 

Section I. — Raio Materials and Produce, 

Under Raw Materials in this Section are to be included all the pro- 
ducts of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, either in an en- 
tirely Raw State, or in any Stage of Preparation, previous to arriving at 
the state of a Finished Manufacture (as in Section III.) They are clas- 
sified according to their uses to man, in their original state, and in their 
Chemical and Mechanical transformations. 

(A.) Mineral Kingdom. 

/ (a.) Ores and Modes of Dressing. — Native Metals, or Metallic Ores, — 
the Modes of Dressing, such as crushing, stamping, jigging, huddling, or 
otherwise rendering them merchantable ; as in the cases of Antimony, Ar- 
senic, Bismuth, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Gold, Iron, Lead, Mercury, 
Niekel, Palladium, Platinum, Silver, Tin, Zinc, &c, &c, 
(b) Metallurgical Processes. — The various Methods of Roasting and 
Smelting the Ores, so as to illustrate Processes. Fluxes, Slags, and other 
Materials which may serve the purposes of illustration. The various Pro- 
cesses used in adapting Metals for particular purposes, as for making Iron 
into Cast-iron, Malleable Iron and Steel, &c, &c. 

(c.) Alloys' — Bronzes of various kinds, such as Statuary, Gun, Bell, and 
Speculum Metal, Britannia[Metal inBrass of different kinds, German Silver, 
Argentine, and other varieties of White Metal, Pewter, Type Metals, 
Sheathing Metal, Compounds of Metals with Phosphorus, and other Non- 
metallic bodies, &c, &c. 

(d.) Metalsin process of adaptation to Finished Manufactures. — Rolled and ^ 
Drawn in Sheets, Wires, &c, and Cast in Pigs, Bars, &c, Plated and 
Electrotyped Metals, &c. 



/ (A.) Chemical Subtances employed in Manufacture^:- 

(a.) Non-Mctalic Suhstances. — Such as Carbon in its various states for the' 
purposes of fuel, Charcoal, Coke, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Lignite, 
Artificial fuels, Products of distillation of Coals, Mineral Oils and Nap- 
tha, Phosphorus in its different states ; Sulpher, as in Manufacture of 
Sulphuric Acid, &c, Muriatic Acid, Nitric Acid Boracic Aeid; &c, &c. 

(b.) Alkalir, Earths, and their Compounds. — Such as Potash and its Salts* 
as Carbonate, Sulphate, and Chlorate of Potash ; Nitre native and artifi- 
cial, the latter as made in Asia, France, Switzerland. Sweden, and as used 
for Gunpowder, &c. — Soda and its Salts, as Common Salt and its various 
modes of preparation, Nitrate of Soda, Borax, Soda Ash, and Carbonate of 
Soda native and as prepared either from Salt, Barilla, or Kelp, and as used 
for soap or glass-making, &c. ; Sulphate of Soda, &c; — Lime and its 
Compounds, as Limestone, Chalk, Marbles, Mortars, and Hydraulic Lime- 
stone, Cements, Matarials for Frescoes, Plaster of Paris, Gypsum, Alabas- 
ter, Bleaching Powdet, &c. . — Magnesia, and the materials for preparing 
it and its Salts ;—Barytes, as Sulphate of Barytes ; Strontia for coloured 
fires, &c. ; — Alumina, as Alum Slate, Alum, Sulphate of Alumina, &c. 

(c.) Metals Proper, and their Compounds — Such as Iron and its Salts f 
Iron Pyrites for Green Vitriol, Colcothar, Ochre, Venitian Red, or as used 
for calico-printing and dyeing, Sulphate of Iron as used for making Sul- 
phuric Acid, &e. ; — Copper, as Acetate and Sulphate of Copper, as used 
for colors and dyeing, for electrotyping, &c, Verdigris, Scheele's Green 
Verditer, Carbonate of Copper, &c, ; — Zinc and its Salts, Zinc Paint &c; 

— Tin and its Compounds, as Salts of Tin, Stannates, Oxymuriate, &c^; 
— Lead, as White Lead, Acetate and Nitrate of Lead, Naples Yellow, &c 

— Chromium, as Chrome Ore, Chromates of Potash, Yellow and Orange, 
Chromate of Lead, Oxide of Chromium for colours, as for glass, pottery, 
&c. ; — Arsenic, as Scheeles Green, Orpiment, Realgar, &c. ; — Aniimony. 
as Sulphuret of Antimony for percussion powder, lucifer-matches, &c; 
— Bismuth, as pearl white, &c. ; — Cobalt, as Oxide of Cobalt for pottery 
colors, Smalt blue, &c. ; — Nickel, for glass. stainig, &c. ; — Tungston, as 
the Yellow Oxides, Tungstates, for dyeing, &c. ; — Mercury, as for philo- 
sophical instruments, silvering mirrors, &c. ; — Gold, Platinum, Silver, 
and the other nolle metals, their preparations for electrotyping, giving of 
metallic lustres, &c. , &c. 

(d.) Mixed Chemical Manufactures — Such as Soap, Prussiate of Potash 
and Prussian Blue, Ultramarine, &c. , &c. 

j (B.) Chemical Suestances used in Medicine. 

(a.) Non-Metallic Substances. — As Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine, Sulphur, 
Phosphorus, Charcoal, and their compounds, &c. 

(b.) Alkalis, Earths, and their compounds. — As Carbonates, Chlorides, Sul-, 
phates, Nitrates, Phosphates, &c, and other compounds of Potash, Soda, 
Lime, and Magnesia, &c, &c. 

(c.) Metallic Preparations. — As Calomel, Corrosive Sublimate, Red Oxide, 
and Bisulphuret of Mercury, and other compounds; Salts of Silver, Cop- 
per, Iron, Antimony, Zinc, &c, &c. 

(B.) Rarer Substances manufactured chiefly for the 
use of the Scientific Chemist. 

Iodine, Bromine, Selenium ; Potassium, Sodium, and other rare Metallic Ba- 
ses, and their compounds, &c. 



27 



(A.) Glass. 

(a.) Coarser Materials used in Glass-making. —As Sand, Chalk, Carbonates 
of Soda and Potash, Sulphate of Soda, Gypsum, Common Salt, Rock 
Salt, Soapers' Waste, Gas Lime, Lime, Clay, &c, &c. 

(6.) Colours and Chemical Materials used in further processes of Glass-ma- 
king. — As compounds of Arsenic, Antimony, Boracic, Acid, Borax, Ba- 
rytes, Copper, Chromium, Cobalt, Gold and Iron, Litharge, Red Lead 
Oxides of Maganese, Nickel, Uranium, Silver, Saltpetre, Smalt Blue, 
Phosphate of Lime, &c, &c. 

(c.) Various kinds of Glass used for Manufactures. — As Soluble or Water 
Glass, Crown, Window, and Mirror; Crystal, Flint, and Strass Glass ; 
German Sheet and Plate Glass ; Glass for Optical and for Laboratory purpo- 
ses ; Colored and Stained Glass, Enamel. Aventurin, Glass for Artificial 
Gems, &c, &c. 

(B.) Porcelain and Pottery. 

(a.) Materials used, ana the modes of dressing and preparing them for use.—- 
As Kaolin, Cornish Stone, Plastic Clays, Sand, Quartz, Flints, Felspar, 
Chalk, Gypsum, Soda, Potash, Salt, Alum, Borax, Bone Ash, Peroxide 
of Tin, Oxides of Lead, Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium, Iron, Copper, Manga- 
nese, &c, &c. 

(b.) Finer kinds, as used for Manufacturing purposes. — As Porcelain, hard 
and tender, Earthenware, Stone Ware, Flint Ware, Fayence, Delft Ware, 
Ironstone China, &c,, &c. : Materials and Processes illustrating, the 
mixing, moulding 1 , pressing, drying, glazing, coloring printing, staining 
painting, and gilding, &c. 

e.) Coarser kinds, as used for Manufacturing purposes. — As Materials for 
Bricks, House, and Field Draining Tiles and Pipes, Common Jars, Bot- 
tles, Pans, &c, &c. 

'(a.) Employed in Architecture and Engineering. — Granites, Sandstones 
Limestones, Serpentines, Porphyries, Marbles, Bricks, Tiles, Earthen 
Tubes, Artificial Stones, Plasters, Cements, Earths, Pounded Rocks, and 
other Paints made with simple natural substances, &c.., &c. 

(6.) Implements. — Grindstones, Chert, Hoaestones, Diamonds, Rubies, Em- 
ery, and other hard Minerals for cutting- gems, less valuable minerals and 
glass, or as used in the construction of watches, &c, &c. 

(c.) Personal Decoration. — Gems of all kinds, and all varieties of Mineral 
Substances used for decoration, as Agates, Cornelians, Onyxes, Lapis Laz- 
k. uli, &c, &c. 

(B.) Vegetable Kingdom. 

f I. Agricultural Produce. — Cereals, Pulses, Oil Seeds, &c* 

I II. Dried Fruits and Seeds. 
1. Substances used III. Substances used in the preparation of Drinks. 
chiefly as Food, or J IV. Spices and Condiments. 
in its preparation. ) V. Starch Series. 

VI. Sugar Series. 

VII. Fermented Liquors and Distilled Spirits from unusual 
l_ sources. 

f VIII. Gum Series. 

IX. Resin Series. — Resins and Balsams, Gum Resins, Gum 
Elastic. 

X. Oil Series — Volatile Oils, Drying Fat Oils, Non-Dry- 
ing Fat Oils, Solid Oils, Wax. 

•> XI. Acids. 



I • 



« -S ? 
fc^-2 

8 sF'l 

§ e s 



2. Materials used 
chiefly in the Chem- 



28 

icalArts, or in Med- XII. Dyes and Colours. 
icine. XIII. Tanning Substances. 

XIV. Intoxicating Drugs. 
L XV. Medicinal {substances. 

f XVI. Fibrous Substances — Cordage and Clothing Materials, 

3. Materials f or Buil- J XVII. Cellular Substances. 

ding, Clothing fyc. f XVIII. Timber and Fancy Woods, for construction and or-? 
^ nament, and prepared by dyeing, &c. 

4. Miscellaneous Substances. XIX. Miscellaneous Substances not elsewhere enu-? 

merated. 

(C.) Animal Kingdom. 

Almost every part of almost every species of Animal serves as food to some 
variety or other of the human race. Preparations of Food as exam- 
ples of Industrial Products, for the Exhibition, would comprise. — Specimen s 
of Preserved Meats, for long voyages; Portable Soups ; Concentrated Nu- 
triments; Consolidated Milk, &c; Dried Gelatine, Isinglass, and Albumen; 
Caviare ; Trepang; Sharks' Fins, Nests of the Java Swallow, and the like 
Articles of Eastern Commerce ; Honey and its Preparations. 



S-e 



Co 



^5 



rCod Liver and other animal Oils, for internal or external application. 
Unguents of Spermaceti, Lard, Oil, and combinations of these. 



SJ^j g Musk, Castoreum, Civet, Ambergris (as Antispasmodics.) 

■2^ g* I Phosphorus and Ammonia (from Bones, Hartshorne, Urine.) 

r§ : Jj S* ( Crabs' Eyes, or the Calcareous Concretions formed in the Crawfish ; and 

02 \Z! Cuttlebone used as antacids. 

c$*§ | Cantharides, and their essence Cantharidine. 

§ -llodine (obtained from Marine Zoophytes and Sponge.) 

(a.) For Textile Fabrics and for Clothing. 

Wool, Hair, Hairbands and Ropes; Bristles, Whalebones. 

Silk from the Silkworm, Bombyx Moi, and from other species in India e, g, 

Bomby cilia Cynthia and Attacus Paphia. 
Feathers, Down, Fur. 
Skins, Hides, Leather. 

Elytra or Beetle wings (for ornaments of dress.) 
Byssus, from tho Pinna Shell Fish (manufactured into gloves.) 

(b.) For domestic or ornamenlal Purposes, or for the 

MANUFACTURE OF IMPLEMENTS. 

Bone, Horn, Hoofs, Ivory, Tortoise-shell, Shagreen, Parchment, Vellum, 

Quills. 
Pearls (meleagrina margaritifera, Unio, Margaretifera) ; Seed Pearl, (My. 

tilus dulis. 
Coral. 

Oils, Tallows, Spermaceti, Wax, Lard, 
a ( Silkworm Gut. 

Mother of Pearl (Shells of Meleagrina, Haliotis and Turbo) Buffalo Shell, 

Bombay Shells, Black Shells, White-edge Shells, Yellow-edge Shells, Flat 

Shells, Green Snail Shells. 
Sponge, Goldbeaters Skin, Catgut, Bladders. 

(c.) As Agents in the manufacture of various articles, 

Glue, Isinglass, Gelatine. 

Bone Black, Ivory Black, Animal Charcoal. 

(d.) For tpie production of Chemical substances. 
Bones, &c, (for Phosphorus, Ammonia, Cyanides, &c, &c. 



S3 



29 



1. Prime Movers 



■\ 



(e.) For Figments and Dyes. 

Cochineal, Carmine, from the Coccus cacti; Dyes from the Galls of 
Aphides; Gall Stone Pigment from Ox Gall ; Lac, a substance obtained 
from an Indian Species of Coccus, and the varieties called in commerce 
Stick Lac, Seed Lac, Lump Lac, Shell Lac, Lac Lake, Lac Dye ; Sepia; 
Essence D'Orient, from Scales of Bleak (Leuciscus) used in the manufac-- 
ture of Artificial Pearls. 

Sfction 2. — Machinery. 

(A.) Machines for Direct Use. 

As Boilers and Furnaces for generating Steam, Steam En? 
gines, Waterwheels and other Hydraulic movers, Wind* 
mills, other Engines for generating Power, &c. 

f As Toothed Wheels, Link-work, Belts, Couplings, contri- 

;2. Separate parts of \ vances for modifying motion, for reversinsr and stopping, 

Mechanism and! and for the government and self-action of Machinery, &c. 

Gearing. Specimens of perfection in workmanship — such as straight 

[_ edges, flat surfaces, screws, spheres, &c. 

r Raising Water and other Liquids — As Pumps, Fire-En- 
gines, Hydraulic Rams, &c. 
Raising and Moving Weights, and Producing Pressure — 
3. Machines for RaU J Such as Crabs, Cranes, Travellers, Screw Jacks, Hydrau- 
sing and Mov-} lie Presses, Pile Drivers, &c. 
ing Bodies. Carriages and Vehicles. 

] Machinery of the Railway System. 

(, Naval Mechanism, and Naval Architecture. 

f As Weighing Machines of all kinds, Apparatus for the 
Measurement of Length and Capacity, for the Registrar 
tion of Natural Phenomena, and of the results and opera- 

J tions of other Machinery — as Tide Gauges, Anemometers, 

', Calculating Machines, Tell-tales, Counting Machines, 
Numbering Frames, Copying Machines, Dynamometers, 
&c, 

(, Turret and other Clocks, Watches, and Chronometers. 

r Mathematical and Philosophical Instruments — As Astro- 
nomical and Optical Instruments, Apparatus for the 
i Graduation and Division of Lines and Circles : Physical 
and Chemical Apparatus, including Electric, Magnetic, 
and Galvanic Apparatus, &c. 
Drawing Instruments and Apparatus used by Artists and 

Engravers. 
Musical and Acoustical Instruments — As Organs Piano- 
fortes, Harps, Flutes, Imitation of the Human Voice, 
Singing and Speaking, &c. 
Surgical Instruments. 
(_ Locks, and small Machines for Miscellaneous Purposes. 

And all that belongs to their equipment. 
f Field Implements— As Ploughs, Sub-soil Plough, Skim 
i Plough ; Harrows, Norwegian Harrow, Clod Crusher, 
Grubber, or Scarifier; Corn Drill, Turnip Drill, Water 
Drill, Dry Manure Machine, Liquid Manure Machine, 
Horse Seed Dibbler, Roller, Presser, Horse Hoe, One 
Horse Cart, Horse Rakes, Haymaking Machines. 
Yard Implements — Threshing Machine, Corn Dressing 
Machine, Chaff Cutter,^Turnip Cutter, Cake Bruiser, Corn 
Bruiser ; Moveable Steam Engine ; Tile Machines, 
Draining Tools. 
^Garden Implements. 



4. Machines for 

Weighing, Measur- 
ing, and Registra- 
tion, 



,5. Instruments and* 
Miscellaneous 
Contrivances. 



£. Guns, Pistols, §c 



7. Agricultural Ma- \ 
chinery- 



30 



(B.) Manufacturing Machines. 

Or Systems of Machinery ; Tools, and Implements employed for the undermentioned 

purposes . 
I. Manufacture off Machine for the complete formation, from the Raw Mate. 

I rial of all fabrics of Cotton, Wool, Flax, Hemp, Silk, 

-<{ Caout< " 



all Fabrics that 
are Spun, Wo- 



toutchouc, Hair, &c. 



ven, Felted, or Paper Making and Staining. 
Laid. [ Printing and Bookbinding. 

f The Manufacture of Metals from the ore into bars, rods. 

wire, sheets, and other general forms ; also, casting and 

polishing of Metal, Glass, &c. 

The Cutting and Working of Metals by Machine Tools — 

such as Lathes, Machines for plaining, drilling, boring, 

:2. Manufactures of-{ slitting, sawing, stamping, shearing, rivetting, punching, 



Metal. 



&c. 



Machines and Tools used by the makers of Gold, Silver, 
and Plated Goods; Cutlery Nails, Screws, Pins, Needles, 
Buttons, and Metallic Pens, &c. ; by Locksmiths, Die 
Sinkers, Furnishing Ironmongers, &c, &c. 
3. Manufactures ofc Machines and Tools for the Preparation and working of all 
Mineral Sub- 1 kinds of Stone, Granite, Alabaster, Slate, Clay, Gems, 
stances. ( &c, &c. 

. j,j- , , (* Machines and Tools for the Preparation and working of all 

v , t , M « / I kinds of Wood. 

vegetable *uu-^ MlLLg? and other Machinery for grinding, crushing, or pre- 
stances. ^ ^..^ Vegetable Products, 

5. Manufactures of( Machinery and Tools for Working in Horn, Bone, Ivory* 
Animal Substances. ( Leather, &c. 

6. Machinery and Apparatus for Brewing, Distilling, and Manufacturing 

Chemistry. 



(C.) Models of Engineering Structures. 

Exhibiting the Application of Mechanical Contrivances, 

1. Models of Bridges, Viaducts, Roofs of Large Span, in Stone, Wood, Iron, &c, 

2. Models of Docks, Locks, Lighthouses, Breakwaters, [Harbors, Landing 

Piers, &c. 

Section 3. — Manufactures. 
Manufactures to be exhibited in this Section must be in their Finished state, as fit 

for use. 



1. FABRICS. 



Spun and Woven. 



"From Flax, Hemp," 

Cotton, and simi 

lar Vegetable Sub 

stances 



From Wool and Silk 
and similar animal 
Substances 



r^\ 



Felted or Laid.< 



f From Fur and Hair, 
and similar animal 
Substances 

From Rags and Fibre 

and similar Vege- 

L table Substances. . 



f Goods, Plain and Figured in the 
Loom ; also Printed, Colored, or 
Embossed including — 

Linens, Canvas — Floor Cloths, 
Calicoes &c. ; Oil Cloths of all 
kinds ; also, Lace, Bobbinet, 
Figured Lace, Needlework, 
Embroidery, Tambouring, &c. 
Broad Cloths — Blankets, Car- 
pets, Shawls, Damasks, Satins 
Velvets, Stuffs, Poplins, Tabi- 
nets, Crapes. 
Felts, HATs-Felted Floor Clots, 
and Felted Fabrics generally, 
Plain or Printed, Colored and 
Embossed. 
Papers of all kinds, Plain and Or- 
namental Paper-hanging & De- 
corations Cards Pasteboard &e» 



si 



MANUFAC- 1 
TURES IN<{ 
METALS. 



Gold and Silver Cop. 
per and Zinc Iron, 
Steel, Lead, Bronze, 
Pewter, Mixed Me- 
tals. 



MANUFACTURES IN GLAS, PORCELAIN, 
EARTHENWARE of all kinds &c. 



f Gold and Silver Plate, and Jowel'« 
lers' Work, Metal Ornaments, 
Metal Mountains, Buttons, Lock- 
smiths' Work, Wire Work, Gen- 
eral Lonmongery, Fenders and 
Grates and Fire irons, Bronze 
Lamps, Britannia Metal Wares, 
German Silver and White Metal; 
Cutlery and Steel Ornaments. 

TERRA COTTA, 



and 



4. MANUFACTURES FROM VEG- j 
ETABLE SUBSTANCES— Wood, J 
Straw, Hemp, Grass, Caoutchouc } 
Gutta Percha.. 



4; MANUFACTURES FROM ANL ■) 
MAL SUBSTANCES— Ivory, Bone ^ as 
Horn, Parchment, Leather, Shell, 
Hair, Feathers, and Bristles. 



ne I 

SI 



6. SMALL WARES AND CHEMI- 
CAL COMPOUNDS. 



Cabinet Work and Household Fur- 
niture, Turnery, Baskets, Mats, 
and matting, Cordage and Cables, 
Straw Plait, Utensils of every 
kind in Caoutchouc and Gutta 
Percha, Coopers' Work, &c. 

Handles and Utensils of Horn 
Ivory, and Bone ; Bookbinding, 
Leather Cases, Trunks, Harness, 
Boots and Shoes, Brushes, &c. 

Umbrellas, Garments, Artificial 
Flowers, Fringes, Gimps, Beads* 
and Toys ; Confectionary, Soap, 
Candles, Sealing Wax and Wa- 
fers, &c. 



1.— SCULPTURE AS 
A FINE ART. 



Section 4. — Sculpture, Models, and the Plastic Art. 

Objects formed in any kind of material, if they exhibit such a degree of taste 
and skill as to come under the denomination of Fine Art, may be admitted into 
this Section. 

((a) In Metals, whether simple, as Gold, Silver, Copper, 
Iron, Zinc, Lead ; or compound, such as Bronze, 
Electrum, &c. 

(b) In Minerals, whether simple, as Marble Stone, Gems, 
Clay, &c; or in materials elaborated from them, as 
Glass, Porcelain. 

(c) In Woods and other Vegetable Substances. 

(d) In Animal Substances, such as Ivory, Bone, Shells, 
^ Shell-Cameos. 

2.— DYE SINKING, INTAGLIOS, AND MEDALS. 

( Whether Integral in Relief, Co- 
3.- ARCHITECTURAL DECORATIONS.; lor, or Adventitious, as Stained 

f Glass, Tapestry. 

4.— MOSAICS AND INLAID WORK In Stone, Tiies, Vitrified Materials, 

Wood Metal. 
5.— ENAMELS On Metals, China, Glass. 

6.— MATERIALS AND PROCESSES APPLICABLE TO THE FINE ARTS 
GENERALLY, including Fine Art Printing, Printing in Color, &c, &c. 

7— -MODELS..... ... In Architecture, Topography, Ana- 
tomy. 



32 

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS IN SECTIONS. 

Section I. — Raw Materials and Produce. 

Division (A.) — Mineral Kingdom. 

It is desirable that the Raw Materials should be shown in connexion with' 
the produce of the Mineral Kingdom so as to form a history and explanation of the 
processes employed to fit them for the useful and ornamental purposes of life. The 
Exhibition would thus comprehend. 

Illustrations of the various modes of extracting and preparing the Raw Ma-> 
terials for Produce. 

Illustrations of methods of reducing, working, or combining Raw Materials* 
so as to obtain Products which may afterwards receive applications to the useful 
or ornamental purposes of life. 

The Specimens fitted for exhibition should include only those remarkable 
for their excellence for novelty in their occurrence or application, or economy of 
their extraction or preparation ; or, 

Those remarkable as illustrations of some further processes of Manufacture. 

Division (B.)— Vegetable Kingdom. 

The objects which the Commission is most desirous of receiving, among the 
products of the Vegetable Kingdom, are such as from their utility, novelty, or 
practical interest may appear especially deserving public attention. Peculiarly 
fine samples of substances in common use ; authenticated samples of substances 
having similar properties, but derived from different sources — such as arrowroot^ 
Sago, &c. Dyeing Materials, accompanied by specimens exhibiting the effect of 
such Materials. Fancy Wood, both in the polished rough, and manufactured 
state. All sorts of materials, which are applicable to the manufacture of linenj 
•cordage, wicker-work, paper, and the like. 

Division (C.) — Animal Kingdom. 

As Illustrations in this Division, the various Processes of preparation may 
be exhibited in connexion with the Raw Materials; and a Finished Article may be' 
introduced as the termination of a series of objects in preparatory stages. 

Section II. — Machinery. 

Division (A.) — Machines for Direct Use. 

Machines will be 'exhibited in motion, whenever it may be desirable trj do* 
so, and it may be found practicable to provide the necessary arrangments for that 
purpose. 

Division (B.) — Manufacturing Machines. 

Although in arranging this class for exhibition it will generally be found 
advisable to seperate the Products from the Producing Mechanism ; yet the latter 
should always be accompanied with sufficient specimens of the Raw Material, in 
its several stages of manufacture, and of the finished product, io make the opera- 
tion of the Machinery intelligible. 

The complete series of tools and machinery that belongs to the manufac- 
ture of any object of common use, such as a watch, a button, or a needle, accom- 
panied by specimens ot the object and its parts, in their various stages of progress, 
is so instructive and interesting, that it is very desirable to obtain several such se- 
ries for the proposed Exhibition. 

Section III. — Manufactures. 

Manufactures to be exhibited in this Section must be in their Finished stater 
as fit for use. 



33 
Section IV.— Sculpture, Models, and the Plastic Art. 

Objects formed in any kind of material, if they exhibit such a degree of taste 
and skill as to come nudor the denomination of Fine Art, may bo admitted into 
this section. 

The specimens exhibited shall be works of living artists, or works of ar- 
tists, deceased within three years before the 1st of January, 1850. 

Oil Paintings and Water Colour Paintings, , Frescoes, Drawings, and En- 
gravings, are not to be admitted, except as illustrations or examples of materials 
and processes ; and Portrait Busts are not to be admitted. 

No single Artist will be allowed to exhibit more than three works. 



The following Circular to persons in the United States interested in 
the Industrial Exhibition, was submitted by the Secretary, and, with the 
other papers communicated, referred to the Executive Committee for 
publication : 

Washington, September 16, 1850. 

The Central Committee of the United States on the Industrial Exhi- 
bition to be held in London in May, 1851, beg leave to invite the atten- 
tion of the Governors of the several States, of the local committees by 
them appointed, and of their fellow citizens generally, to the interesting 
subjects involved in this great concourse of the industry of nations, and 
to the peculiar aspects under which it addresses itself to the skilful and 
industrious of all classes in the United States. 

This Committee cannot but view this great exposition of human 
industry and productive skill, as one in which every nation on the 
globe has a direct and positive concern. Its results and its history, will 
go down to future generations, marking the actual state of arts land civi- 
lization in the middle of the nineteenth century. It will stand as at 
once an evidence and index of the progress which the humanizing 
arts of peace have made, and are now making in every Empire and Re- 
public, Kingdom, Principality, and Province of the world. 

The productions of American industry, which will be entitled to 
places in the Exhibition, are not limited to articles of manufacturing, me- 
chanical, or any other single department of labor or of skill. The 
farm, the garden and the dairy, the forest and the mine, the factory and 
the workshop, the labaratory and the studio, will all be entitled to their 
respective positions ; and it is earnestly hoped that no considerations will 
be allowed to prevent a full and honorable representation of every de- 
partment of our natural resources, ingenuity, and industry. 

To convey some impression of the number and variety of objects 



34 

which America is capable of furnishing to the Exhibition, we may Be 
permitted to enumerate a feio of the prominent classes. 

Among animal substances, it is believed that samples of beef, pork, 
hams, butter and cheese, wool and hair, feathers, down and fur, lard and 
lard oil, stearine candles, honey and wax, spermaceti, skins, hides and 
leather, with articles manufactured from the same, may all be with ad- 
vantage sent from the United States. Many of our dealers in provisions 
can now demonstrate that they understand how to cater for the most re- 
fined taste, as well in the style of putting up, as in the intrinsic qualities of 
their articles. 

Among vegetable productions we shall not forget to send samples of 
wheat, flour, Indian corn, cotton, rice, tobacco, hemp and cordage, the 
starch of wheat, of potatoes, and especially of Indian corn ; sugars of both 
cane and maple, raw and refined ; timber, and articles manufactured there- 
from, especially when made in large quantifies and by machinery. By 
taking longitudinal and transverse slices or sections one or two inches 
in thickness from the trunks of trees, we may at little expense send the 
most striking proofs of our forest riches. The sycamore and whitewood 
of Kentucky, the cypress of Mississippi and Louisiana, the live oak of 
Florida, the pine of Carolina, Maine, Minesota, and Oregon, the oak 3 
hickory, cherry, and black walnut of numerous States, the cedar and locust 
so famed for resisting decay, the hickory so tough and durable, the 
ash so light and yet so elastic, the bass wood, adapted for coach and car 
bodies, the birds-eye maple for ornamental furniture, with multitudes of 
others, may by this means be displayed with surfaces smooth or rough, 
varnished or unvarnished, and form a novel and striking feature of the 
exhibition. Will not some of our enterprising lumbermen take this 
great department in hand? In making cross sections of trees the bark 
should be carefully retained when practicable. 

Among mineral substances which ought certainly to appear at the ex- 
hibition, are iron ores in all their varieties, from that of the iron mountain 
of Missouri to the rich veins of Georgia, Carolinia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, 
New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and numerous other 
States. The cobalt and lead of Missouri, Iowa, and Wisconsin, the chrome 
of Maryland, the zinc oxides of New Jersey and Missouri, the plumbago 
of North Carolina and of Pennsylvania, are a few of the coloring mate- 
rials which ought to attract notice and win approbation. Stones used for 
building and other useful and ornamental purposes, should not be omitted, 
particularly such as excel in firmness, fineness of texture, purity, dura- 
bility, and a susceptibility of high polish. 



35 

The gold and mercury of California, the silver of North Carolina, 
\he copper of Michigan, the manufactured iron of many States, will evince 
our abundance in both the useful and the precious metals ; and among 
articles manufactured from metals, we may send numerous varieties of 
cutlery, edge tools, surgical instruments, augers, scythes, axes, drawing 
knives, hoes, shovels, butt hinges, door springs, sash and shutter fasteners, 
locks and latches, rifles, revolvers, bowie knives, gold pens, ever pointed 
pencils, clocks, chronometers, astronomical and other telegraphs. 

We must have ploughs and cultivators, reaping, cornshelling, thrash- 
ing and winnowing machines. Nor must we forget to show how we 
save labor and diminish toilsome drudgery, by our card making machines, 
our screw machines, pin machines, hook and eye machines, nail and spike 
machines, andpercussion cap machines, as well as by our cotton gins, our 
dredging machines, our quadruple printing presses, our brick machines, 
and our leaden pipe and leaden bullet machinery. 

We need not fear to show samples of iron castings in hollow ware, 
of sheet, bar or railroad iron, of stoves, furnaces for house-heating, or 
ranges for cooking with anthracite, bituminous coal, or other fuel. Even 
in gilded, bronzed, and other ornamental work in metals, in chased and 
burnished silver ware, we have workmen who may satisfy the most fas- 
tidious European taste. If not too urgently engaged in filling orders at 
home, it is earnestly hoped that our manufacturers, of mathematical, philo- 
sophical and optical instruments will put before the discriminating eyes at 
London, a few specimens of their handiwork. 

In connection with our metaliurgic industry, we must not forget the 
mineral fuel by the aid of which it is prosecuted. Our numerous varie- 
ties of anthracite, semi-bituminous, highly bituminous and cannel coals, 
must be made to prove how far the markets of the world as well as our own 
manufactures, navigation, and locomotion, can be supplied from the coal 
mines of the United States. 

Machinery for working in wood, as shoe-last and gun-stock ma- 
chines, bucket machines, sash and blind machines, box and match 
machines, with numerous forms of sawing, planing, matching and stave- 
dressing machines, would evince the fertility of invention among our 
workers in this class of substances. 

Among textile fibrous manufactures we shall be able to offer cotton 
goods, plain and figured in great variety, together with cordage and can- 
vass of the same material, as well as of American hemp. Among the 
woollen and mixed goods, woven wholly by power looms of American 
invention, we shall be expected to send Brussels carpets, ingrain and. 
tapestry carpets, of various patterns. 



36 

In reference to our maritime architecture and nautical skill, in general, 
with all the details of equipment, perhaps no better evidence could 
be offered than would be given by freighting some suitable public 
vessel, with American contributions to the Exhibition, for the purpose of 
conveying them to England, and this is perhaps the only way in which 
the Government, as such, could give effective aid to the objects of our 
present undertaking. 

To the foregoing very brief sketch of a few objects to which atten- 
tion may be beneficially directed, we may add, that a due discrimination 
will no doubt be exercised, in respect to the classes of objects as well as 
the individual specimens which ought to be sent to the exhibition. It is 
for this reason, that this Central Committee has invoked, through 
the Governors of the several States, the aid of local committees hav- 
ing direct cognizance of the merit of the articles proposed to be exhibited. 
It is earnestly requested that all committees designated in the several 
States should enter with-as little delay as possible on the discharge of their 
duties, that they should give to exhibitors all needed advice and information , 
as to the suitableness or unsuitabieness of the articles, the proper quan- 
tity to be forwarded, the means of conveyance and the agencies either 
in this country or England, by which the proper care will be taken of 
their packages. 

Where it is probable that all the four divisions of articles, viz : Raw 
Materials and Produce, Machinery, Manufactures, Sculpture 
and the Plastic Arts, will be brought forward for approval, the local 
committees would doubtless find it advantageous to divide themselves into 
sub-committees with a view to assign to each sub-committee one of these 
great departments, not precluding joint consultation on points of diffi- 
culty or of special importance. 

It cannot be too earnestly impressed on the minds of all local commit- 
tees, that to whatever class of the exhibition objects may pertain, they 
ought, in order to warrant their being sent forward, to possess the merit of 
either novelty, rarity, or high excellence. 

They ought to represent in some one or other of its departments, either 
our national industry and ingenuity, or the natural resources on which 
they are employed. 

It will contribute much to the facility of forwarding goods to the ex- 
hibition to form depots in our principal seaports, as at New Orleans, 
Charleston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston, where the 
articles may be conveniently stored until the time of sending them to 
London. They should not be shipped so as to arrive before the first of 
January 1351, and cannot be exhibited if received at London later than 



37 

the first of March following. Every package must be entered on a 
suitable bill of lading, and be accompanied by a certificate from the cen- 
tral authority of the United States, attested by the proper officer ap- 
proving of the transmission of the object therein contained, to the care 
of the British Commissioners. 

The form of a return for an exhibitor is hereunto annexed, in which 
the amount of space, vertical or horizontal, is to be set forth. 

The accompanying letter under date of 5th of August, 1850, and the 
circular to which it relates, addressed by the Royal Commission to the 
various commissions abroad, to which are annexed the several^proposals 
made by agents in the different ports of England, together with the 
*' information for the use of foreign exhibitors," and the article « on the 
prizes and juries," which bears date July 29th 1850, will give, it is 
believed, all needed information to American exhibitors, in respect to the 
conditions and circumstances of the exhibition. 

In conveying articles from the place of production to that of embarca- 
tion for England, it is hoped that steamboat and rail-road companies in the 
United States will treat American exhibitors with the same liberality 
which has been manifested abroad, where goods destined to the exhibition 
are conveyed free of charge. 



The following extract of a letter from J. James Greenough, Esq., a 
member of this Central Committee of the United States on the Industrial 
Exhibition, now in London, was read by the Secretary. 

"London, 19th August, 1850. 
^Prof. W. R. Johnson: 

" Dear Sir : There is a point of some difficulty which must in season 
be provided for. It is this, while the English Commission find us space 
and shelter for our goods, we must have some person or persons engaged 
to look after our particular interests. They do not mean to fit up for us 
or arrange our goods. They leave that wholly to each country^ 
France has an authorized agent for this business; so has Russia, and 
the other continental States will follow the example. We shall need to 
have some one under the sanction of the commission to act here. I am 
informed by the commission that an offer has been made by some wharfin- 
gers here to receive goods from vessels in the Thames in their lighters 
and deliver them over their wharves free of charge. They must then be 
taken in some conveyance provided by exhibitors, and conveyed to the 
place of exhibition, where they are to be opened in presence of an inspect- 



38 

ing officer, and they can then be prepared for exhibiting. It is abso- 
lutely necessary that this should be done by an interested party who 
ought to be an American. It has been suggested to me that I should 
offer my services to superintend this matter, and if the committee will 
approve of me for that purpose, I will engage to act for all those who 
will not be present in person, if they consign their articles to my care. 
It is very important that it be early ascertained what articles will be sent, 
their probable number, and the space they will occupy. All expenses 
relating to the transportation and arrangement of articles will have to be 
defrayed by the exhibitor, or the country from which they are sent. 

li Yours, &c, 

J. J. GREENOUGH." 

Whereupon it was, on motion, Resolved, That this committee regard 
Mr. J.J. Greenough, a member thereof, now in London, as a person 
well qualified to take charge of articles which may be sent to the Exhi- 
bition ; it being distinctly understood, however, that this does not inter- 
fere with the employment by exhibitors of any other agent, should they 
prefer so to do, or to attend in person to the fitting up of their own goods 
and that this Central Committee does not render itself responsible for the 
acts of any agent employed in the services herein referred to, as such 
services must of necessity be performed after the goods will have passed 
beyond any control of this committee. 

The accompanying form of a return to be filled up by intending exhibi- 
tors was presented and ordered to be appended to the printed proceedings. 

On motion adjourned. 

WALTER R. JOHNSON, 
Secretary of the Central Committee of the United States, 
on the Industrial Exhibition. 



30 



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The following are the names of the Central Committee on the In- 
dustrial Exhibition : 



MILLARD FILLMORE, Chairman. 

PETER FORCE, 

JAMES A. PEARCE, 

LEVI WOODBURY, 

LEWIS WARRINGTON, 

JOSEPH HENRY, 

WALTER R. JOHNSON, Secretary, 

ALEXANDER D. BACHE, 

CHARLES WILKES, 

WILLIAM W. SEATON, 

JEFFERSON DAVIS, 



MATHEW F. MAURY, 
J. JAMES GREENOUGH, 
CHARLES F. STANSBURY, 
J. J. ABERT, 
JOSEPH G. TOTTEN, 
THOMAS EWBANK, 
WILLIAM EASBY, 
LEONARD D. GALE, 
JOSEPH C. G. KENNEDY, 
EZRA C. SEAMAN. 



The following gentlemen constitute the Executive Committee ; 

PETER FORCE, Chairman. 
WALTER R. JOHNSON, 
JOSEPH HENRY, 
CHARLES WILKES. 

JOSEPH C. G. KENNEDY, Secretary. 



N. B. Correspondents will please address their communications — 
To the Central Committee 

on the Industrial Exhibition, 

Washington^ D. C, 
Care of 

JOS. C. G. KENNEDY, ESQ., 

Superintendent of the Census, 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

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